What is diabetes? and its effects on the body

What is Diabetes?

Nowadays diabetes is a very common type of disease. you will get to see at least one person in every household suffering from this disease varying in stages, diabetes is very chronic and occurs when the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar level (glucose). This happens when body organs like the pancreas do not produce enough amount of insulin or cells of the body do not respond effectively to insulin.                    

As you know Insulin is a peptide hormone that is secreted from β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. It helps in maintaining a normal blood sugar level by helping cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream, where it can be used as a source of energy. some processes like cellular glucose uptake, lipid and protein metabolism, and promoting cell division and carbohydrate regulation.

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There are two types of diabetes.

1. Type 1 diabetes: It is an autoimmune disease and occurs when insulin-producing cells of the pancreas get attacked and destroyed by the body's immune system. In Type 1 diabetes level of insulin in the body is very low compared to the body's needs. People with Type 1 diabetes need insulin injections.

2. Type 2 diabetes: It occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin. It is a very common type of diabetes and makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes. It is also known as diabetes mellitus characterised by high blood sugar.

Main Reason for Diabetes.

• Lifestyle is a major factor in this disease.
•  Physically inactive. 
• Being overweight or obese.
• Family history of having type 2 diabetes.
• Poor diet is also the reason for diabetes.

Symptoms.

Some common symptoms of diabetes are such as:

• Increased thirst.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Fatigue.
• Frequent urination.
• Blurred vision.

When left untreated, it can lead to some serious issues such as cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision problems.

Treatment of diabetes:

1. Insulin Therapy:
Patients suffering from type 1 diabetes need insulin through injections or an insulin pump because their bodies do not produce insulin.

2. Oral Medications:
Patients with type 2 diabetes may be prescribed oral medication so that the body can use insulin more effectively and help to reduce the production of glucose by the liver.

3. Injectable Medications:
Injectable Medications such as GLP-1 receptor agonists or insulin may be added to the treatment plan in some cases.

4. Healthy diet and Exercise:
A balanced diet rich in whole food, vegetables, and fruit, can help in maintaining the blood sugar level. Doing regular physical exercise helps in lowering blood sugar levels and enhances insulin sensitivity.

Prevention of Diabetes.

• Eat healthy foods: Choose foods lower in fat and calories and higher in fiber. Focus on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Eat a variety to keep from feeling bored.

• Doing more physical activity: Try to do at least 10-20 minutes of aerobic activities every day of the week. Or aim to get at least 120 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week. For example, Walk regular basis. If you are unable to do a long workout, then break it up into smaller sessions throughout the day.

• Lose excess weight: If you are having excessive weight, losing even 5-6% of your body weight can lower the risk of your diabetes. For example, if you weigh 80 kilograms then a loss of about 4.8 kilograms can lower the risk of diabetes.

To keep your weight in a healthy range, work on long-term changes to your lifestyle habits. Remember the benefits of losing weight, such as a healthier heart, more energy, and higher self-esteem.

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